\u6570\u4e07\u301c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4ef6\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092 RDB \u3078\u6295\u5165\u30fb\u66f4\u65b0\u3059\u308b\u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7d20\u6734\u306a\u300c1 \u884c\u305a\u3064\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3057\u3066 INSERT \/ UPDATE\u300d\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6570\u5341\u5206\u301c\u6570\u6642\u9593\u306e\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e INSERT \/ UPDATE \u3092\u901f\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u9806\u306b\u30cf\u30f3\u30ba\u30aa\u30f3\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u307e\u3068\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5bfe\u8c61\u306f MySQL (InnoDB) \u3068 PostgreSQL \u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u4ed6\u306e RDB \u306b\u3082\u5fdc\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE sales (\n id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,\n order_code VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,\n customer_id BIGINT NOT NULL,\n amount DECIMAL(12,2) NOT NULL,\n status TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,\n created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,\n updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL,\n UNIQUE KEY uq_order_code (order_code),\n KEY idx_customer (customer_id)\n) ENGINE=InnoDB;<\/pre>\n\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n
\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u79fb\u884c\u3067\u3001\u7d04 100 \u4e07\u4ef6\u3092 1 \u4ef6\u305a\u3064 INSERT \u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u5b8c\u4e86\u307e\u3067 40 \u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u51e6\u7406\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u3067\u3001CPU \u3082\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af I\/O \u3082\u98fd\u548c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306b\u9045\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3: 1\u4ef6\u305a\u3064 autocommit \u3067 INSERT\nforeach ($rows as $row) {\n $stmt = $pdo->prepare(\n \"INSERT INTO sales (order_code, customer_id, amount, status, created_at, updated_at)\n VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)\"\n );\n $stmt->execute([\n $row['order_code'], $row['customer_id'], $row['amount'],\n 0, $row['created_at'], $row['updated_at'],\n ]);\n}<\/pre>\n\u539f\u56e0<\/h2>\n
\u9045\u3055\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u306f SQL \u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30011 \u884c\u3054\u3068\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d8\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u7a4d\u307f\u91cd\u306d\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
- 1 \u884c\u3054\u3068\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\uff08autocommit\uff09<\/strong> \u2014 InnoDB \u306f\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u305f\u3073\u306b\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30ed\u30b0\u3092
fsync<\/code> \u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002100 \u4e07\u56de\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af\u540c\u671f\u304c\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n- 1 \u884c\u3054\u3068\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5f80\u5fa9<\/strong> \u2014 \u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8 \u21c4 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u9593\u306e\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7\u304c 100 \u4e07\u56de\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n
- prepare \u3092\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5185\u3067\u6bce\u56de\u5b9f\u884c<\/strong> \u2014 \u69cb\u6587\u89e3\u6790\u30fb\u5b9f\u884c\u8a08\u753b\u751f\u6210\u306e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u6bce\u56de\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5168\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30fb\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u7dad\u6301<\/strong> \u2014 \u6295\u5165\u306e\u305f\u3073\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u66f4\u65b0\u3068\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u5236\u7d04\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u8d70\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\u3064\u307e\u308a\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3051\u3069\u9045\u3044\u300d\u5178\u578b\u3067\u3001\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30af\u306f 1 \u4ef6\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cbb \u00d7 \u4ef6\u6570\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bfe\u5fdc\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
1. \u8907\u6570\u884c INSERT\uff08\u30d0\u30eb\u30af\u30a4\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8\uff09<\/h3>\n
function bulkInsert(PDO $pdo, array $rows, int $chunk = 1000): void\n{\n foreach (array_chunk($rows, $chunk) as $batch) {\n $placeholders = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($batch), '(?,?,?,?,?,?)'));\n $sql = \"INSERT INTO sales\n (order_code, customer_id, amount, status, created_at, updated_at)\n VALUES $placeholders\";\n $params = [];\n foreach ($batch as $row) {\n array_push($params,\n $row['order_code'], $row['customer_id'], $row['amount'],\n 0, $row['created_at'], $row['updated_at']);\n }\n $pdo->prepare($sql)->execute($params);\n }\n}<\/pre>\n\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306f 500\u301c2000 \u7a0b\u5ea6\u304c\u7121\u96e3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5927\u304d\u3059\u304e\u308b\u3068 MySQL \u306e
max_allowed_packet<\/code> \u3084 PostgreSQL \u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u4e0a\u9650\uff0865535\uff09\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308b\u306e\u3067\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n2. \u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8<\/h3>\n
$pdo->beginTransaction();\ntry {\n foreach (array_chunk($rows, 1000) as $batch) {\n \/\/ ... \u30d0\u30eb\u30af\u30a4\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8 ...\n }\n $pdo->commit();\n} catch (\\Throwable $e) {\n $pdo->rollBack();\n throw $e;\n}<\/pre>\n1 \u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u5168\u4ef6\u3092\u8a70\u3081\u8fbc\u3080\u3068 undo \u30ed\u30b0\u3084\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u4fdd\u6301\u304c\u80a5\u5927\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6570\u5343\u301c\u6570\u4e07\u4ef6\u3054\u3068\u306b\u533a\u5207\u3063\u3066\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u5b9f\u52d9\u7684\u306a\u843d\u3068\u3057\u3069\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
3. UPSERT \u3067 INSERT \/ UPDATE \u3092 1 \u6587\u306b<\/h3>\n
MySQL:<\/p>\n
INSERT INTO sales (order_code, customer_id, amount, status, created_at, updated_at)\nVALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)\nON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE\n amount = VALUES(amount), status = VALUES(status), updated_at = VALUES(updated_at);<\/pre>\nPostgreSQL:<\/p>\n
INSERT INTO sales (order_code, customer_id, amount, status, created_at, updated_at)\nVALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)\nON CONFLICT (order_code) DO UPDATE SET\n amount = EXCLUDED.amount, status = EXCLUDED.status, updated_at = EXCLUDED.updated_at;<\/pre>\n4. \u5927\u91cf UPDATE \u306f CASE \u5f0f or \u4e00\u6642\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb JOIN<\/h3>\n
-- CASE \u5f0f\u3067\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\nUPDATE sales\nSET status = CASE id WHEN 101 THEN 1 WHEN 102 THEN 2 WHEN 103 THEN 1 END,\n updated_at = NOW()\nWHERE id IN (101, 102, 103);<\/pre>\n-- \u4ef6\u6570\u304c\u591a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb JOIN\nCREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_status (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, status TINYINT);\n-- tmp_status \u306b\u30d0\u30eb\u30af\u30a4\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8\u5f8c\nUPDATE sales s JOIN tmp_status t ON s.id = t.id\nSET s.status = t.status, s.updated_at = NOW();<\/pre>\n5. \u8d85\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u5165\u306f\u5c02\u7528\u30ed\u30fc\u30c0\u3092\u4f7f\u3046<\/h3>\n
-- PostgreSQL: CSV \u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u9ad8\u901f\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\nCOPY sales (order_code, customer_id, amount, status, created_at, updated_at)\nFROM '\/path\/to\/sales.csv' WITH (FORMAT csv, HEADER true);<\/pre>\nMySQL \u306a\u3089
LOAD DATA INFILE<\/code>\u3002INSERT \u6587\u3088\u308a\u6841\u9055\u3044\u306b\u901f\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n6. \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u4e00\u6642\u7121\u52b9\u5316\uff08\u521d\u671f\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u9650\u5b9a\uff09<\/h3>\n
ALTER TABLE sales DROP INDEX idx_customer;\n-- ... \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u6295\u5165 ...\nALTER TABLE sales ADD INDEX idx_customer (customer_id);<\/pre>\n\u904b\u7528\u4e2d\u30fb\u53c2\u7167\u4e2d\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u5236\u7d04\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u52b9\u304b\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u5371\u967a\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u521d\u671f\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3084\u9694\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u79fb\u884c\u6642\u306e\u307f\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9f\u88c5\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
import psycopg2\nfrom psycopg2.extras import execute_values\n\ndef upsert_sales(conn, rows, chunk=1000):\n sql = \"\"\"\n INSERT INTO sales\n (order_code, customer_id, amount, status, created_at, updated_at)\n VALUES %s\n ON CONFLICT (order_code) DO UPDATE SET\n amount = EXCLUDED.amount, status = EXCLUDED.status, updated_at = EXCLUDED.updated_at\n \"\"\"\n with conn.cursor() as cur:\n for i in range(0, len(rows), chunk):\n execute_values(cur, sql, rows[i:i + chunk], page_size=chunk)\n conn.commit()<\/pre>\n\u78ba\u8a8d\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
-- MySQL\nEXPLAIN ANALYZE UPDATE sales s JOIN tmp_status t ON s.id = t.id SET s.status = t.status;\n-- PostgreSQL\nEXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) INSERT INTO sales (...) VALUES (...) ON CONFLICT ...;<\/pre>\n\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u5074\u3067\u306f\u51e6\u7406\u6642\u9593\u3068\u30b9\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30c3\u30c8\uff08\u4ef6\/\u79d2\uff09\u3092\u30ed\u30b0\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u3001before \/ after \u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b 100 \u4e07\u4ef6\u79fb\u884c\u306f\u300c\u30d0\u30eb\u30af\u5316\uff0b\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u533a\u5207\u308a\uff0bUPSERT \u5316\u300d\u3067 40 \u5206 \u2192 \u6570\u5206\u30aa\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u307e\u3067\u77ed\u7e2e\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u4ef6\u6570\u30fb\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u30fb\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u5909\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6570\u5024\u306f\u76ee\u5b89\u3067\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/h2>\n
\n
- \u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30af\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3068\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u9593\u9694\u306f\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9\u30aa\u30d5\u3002\u5b9f\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n
- UPSERT \u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u30ad\u30fc\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u885d\u7a81\u5224\u5b9a\u30ad\u30fc\u304c\u66d6\u6627\u3060\u3068\u8aa4\u66f4\u65b0\u30fb\u91cd\u8907\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u7121\u52b9\u5316\u306f\u904b\u7528\u4e2d\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5916\u90e8\u30ad\u30fc\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u591a\u3044\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306f\u66f4\u65b0\u9806\u5e8f\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u672c\u756a\u9069\u7528\u524d\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u4ef6\u6570\u76f8\u5f53\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u8a08\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n
\u5927\u91cf INSERT \/ UPDATE \u306e\u9045\u3055\u306f\u3001SQL \u306e\u66f8\u304d\u65b9\u3088\u308a\u3082\u300c1 \u4ef6\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cbb \u00d7 \u4ef6\u6570\u300d\u3067\u6c7a\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002(1) \u30d0\u30eb\u30af\u5316\u3001(2) \u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u533a\u5207\u308a\u3001(3) UPSERT\u3001\u3092\u307e\u305a\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u306f\u5b9f\u7528\u901f\u5ea6\u306b\u4e57\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u8a08\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u3001\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u6570\u5024\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6570\u4e07\u301c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4ef6\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092 RDB \u3078\u6295\u5165\u30fb\u66f4\u65b0\u3059\u308b\u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7d20\u6734\u306a\u300c1 \u884c\u305a\u3064\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3057\u3066 INSERT \/ UPDATE\u300d\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6570\u5341\u5206\u301c\u6570\u6642\u9593\u306e\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e INSERT \/ UPDATE \u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"sns_share_botton_hide":"","vkExUnit_sns_title":"","_vk_print_noindex":"","sitemap_hide":"","_veu_custom_css":"","veu_display_promotion_alert":"","vkexunit_cta_each_option":"","_lightning_design_setting":[],"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[35],"tags":[99,1198,1183,562],"class_list":["post-3666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mysql-memorandum","tag-mysql","tag-postgresql","tag-rdb","tag-562"],"veu_head_title_object":{"title":"","add_site_title":""},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024-00mvlm03-thumbnail.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3666"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3667,"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3666\/revisions\/3667"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qol-kk.com\/wp2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}